ساختارها و راهبردهای رسانه‌های برون‌مرزی آمریکا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه تاریخ، تمدن و انقلاب اسلامی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

مقاله حاضر با تکیه بر مفهوم پروپاگاندا و با نگاهی به تاریخچه کاربرد آن در سیاست خارجی آمریکا، ساختارها و راهبردهای رسانه ­های برون­مرزی دولتی و مهمترین رسانه ­های فرامرزی خصوصی این کشور را مورد کاوش قرار داده است. مطالعه رسانه­ های برون‌مرزی دولتی آمریکا نشان می‌دهد این کشور از ابزارهای قدرت نرم، در مدیریت بحران­ ها و تأثیرگذاری بر افکار عمومی جوامع هدف خود به نحو فزاینده‌ای استفاده کرده است. در واقع آمریکا برای نیل به اهداف سیاست خارجی، قدرت رسانه ­ای خود را در عرصه جهانی گسترش داده است اما تغییر و تحولات فن­آورانه‌ای که در تولید، پخش، دریافت و همچنین استفاده از تولیدات رسانه­ ای پدید آمده، کنترل فضای رسانه ­ای جهانی را برای واشنگتن دشوار ساخته است. ظهور رسانه ­های فراملی تجاری قدرتمند مانند سی‌ان‌ان و سی‌ان‌بی‌سی نیز بر پیچیدگی پروپاگاندای رسانه ­ای آمریکا افزوده است. این امر، بویژه در برهه‌هایی که اجماع میان نخبگان سیاسی آمریکا وجود ندارد، چالش‌برانگیزتر می‌شود. اقتصاد سیاسی رسانه­ های برون‌مرزی آمریکا سبب شده است که آن‌ها در تولید، پخش و انتشار اخبار، تقویت نظام سرمایه ­داری و بویژه منافع شرکت­ های حامی این رسانه­ ها را در نظر بگیرند. رسانه ­های برون ­مرزی دولتی و غیردولتی آمریکا نقش مهمی در استمرار استعمار نوین و پیشبرد آن در سطح جهانی و منطقه ­ای ایفا می­ کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Structures and Strategies of America’s World Service Media

نویسنده [English]

  • Hakimeh Saghae Biria
PhD in North American Studies, Assistant Professor, Department of History, Civilization and Islamic Revolution, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Relying on the propaganda concept and viewing the history of its usage in American foreign policy, The present article explores the structures and strategies of state’s World Service media and private ones.
 This study has showed that USA has increasingly utilized soft power instruments in managing crises and influencing the public opinion of its target societies. In fact, USA in order to achieving foreign policy objectives has developed its media power in global arena, but the technical changes and developments in producing, receiving and also using media products made it difficult for USA to control the global media space. The emergence of powerful trading transnational media such as CNN and CNBC made the media’s propaganda more complicated. This situation particularly in times of no consensus among American political elites, become more challenging. The political economy of USA World Service media caused that they take into consideration the reinforcement of the capitalist system specially the interests of sponsored corporations. The American governmental and non-governmental World Service media have played an important role in continuing the modern colonialism and its advancing in global and regional levels.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • World Service media
  • Structures and Strategies
  • USA
  • Propaganda
  • Media Diplomacy
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